Tampa, 1921
WPG-48
A city in Hillsborough County, Florida. This cutter was named in honor of the cutter Tampa sunk in action, with all hands, during World War I.
Builder: Union Construction Company, Oakland, California
Length: 240'
Beam: 39'
Draft: 13' 2"
Displacement: 1,506 tons (trial); 1,955 tons (1945)
Cost: $775,000
Commissioned: 15 September 1921
Decommissioned: 1 February 1947
Disposition: 22 September 1947
Machinery: 1 x General Electric 2,040 kVa electric motor driven by a turbo-generator; 2 x Babcock & Wilcox, cross-drum type, 200 psi, 750° F superheat
Performance:
Maximum speed/endurance: 16.2 knots on trial (1921)
Maximum sustained: 15.5 knots, 3,500 mile radius (1945)
Economic speed/endurance: 9.0 knots @ 5,500 mile radius (1945)
Complement: 10 officers, 2 warrants, 110 men.
Electronics:
Detection Radar: SF-1; SC-3
Sonar: QCJ-2
Armament:
1921: 2 x 5"/51 single mounts; 2 x 6 pounders; 1 x 1 pounder
1942: 2 x 5"/51 single mounts; 1 x 3//50 (single); 2 x .50 caliber machine guns; 4 x "Y" guns; 2 depth charge tracks.
1945: 2 x 3"/50 single mounts; 4 x 20 mm/80 (single); 2 x depth charge tracks; 4 x "Y" guns; 2 x mousetraps.
Class History:
by John Tilley
The four 240-foot cutters were conceived as the first true "multi-mission" Coast Guard cutters, equipped for police work in territorial waters, ice patrol, search and rescue, derelict destruction, and towing. Each ship had a remarkably heavy armament of two 5-inch guns, with a provision for the wartime installation of a third, and a 3-inch anti-aircraft gun. A turbo-electric drive system gave the cutters a top speed of sixteen knots, which seemed plenty for the Coast Guard's peacetime missions. The four ships were built by the Union Construction Company of Oakland, California. The entry of the United States into the Second World War sent the Coast Guard on a search for hulls that could be turned into convoy escorts. The 240-foot cutters were fitted out with depth charges, additional guns, sonar, radar, and any other gear that could be crammed into them. The Modoc and two of its sisters, Mojave and Tampa, were assigned to the treacherous Greenland Patrol; the fourth ship in the class, the Haida, spent the war in Alaskan waters. All four were decommissioned and sold in 1947.
Additionally, Robert Scheina notes that:
"The 240-foot cutters followed the traditional cutter hull form, having a plumb bow and counter stern. These features proved particularly undesirable while on International Ice Patrol. Heavy seas coming up under the counter caused severe shocks. The wardroom in this class was well forward; thus, the deck sloped upward. This feature was known as the 'Honeywell Hill,' in honor of the principal architect of the class." (1)
Cutter History:
Tampa (Builder No.CG-36)--a steel-hulled, single-screw cutter--was laid down on 27 September 1920 at Oakland, Calif., by the Union Construction Co.; launched on 19 April 1921 ; sponsored by Mrs. Joseph P. Conners; and commissioned on 15 September 1921, Lt. Comdr. M. J. Wheeler, USCG, in command.
Tampa got underway for the east coast, transited the Panama Canal on 28 October, and arrived at New York on 7 November, On the 23d, the cutter shifted to Boston, Mass., her home port. In the ensuing years, Tampa operated as part of the International Ice Patrol established in the aftermath of the Titanic tragedy in 1912. Between March and July--the peak months in which icebergs were regarded as a menace to the northernmost transatlantic sea lanes--Tampa conducted regular patrols, alternating with Modoc (Coast Guard Cutter No. 39) on 15-day stretches. At the end of each patrol, the cutter would put into Halifax, Nova Scotia, for stores and fuel. Between these cruises in the frigid waters at the northern end of the Atlantic, the cutter operated on exercises and maneuvers, sharpened her skill with target practice and battle drills, and patrolled sailing regattas.
Shifted to the New York division, with headquarters at Stapleton, N.Y., in August of 1932, Tampa arrived at her new home port on the 27th of the month. She operated from this base until the late 1930's. During this time, she participated in the drama which accompanied the tragic fire on board the Ward Line steamer SS Morro Castle. At about 0230 on the morning of 8 September 1934, a fire broke out on board the passenger ship as she was returning from a Caribbean cruise. The fires spread rapidly, and incompetent seamanship on the behalf of her captain--who had only taken command after the ship's regular master had died earlier that evening-- resulted in the loss of many lives.
Moored at Staten Island when Morro Castle caught fire, Tampa received word of the disaster at 0436 on the morning of 8 September. She hurriedly recalled her liberty party, got up steam, and put out to sea at 1540. It took two hours to reach the scene of the holocaust ; but when she arrived, Tampa assumed direction of the rescue operations which, by that time, were already well underway. Surfboats from the Coast Guard's Shark River Station--the first help to arrive--had rescued some 120 people before the New York pilot boat and boats from the Sandy Hook Station appeared and joined in the effort. The cutter Cahoone had also been on station for some time.
Tampa passed a towline to the stricken ship, but it soon parted with the sharp crack of a pistol shot and fouled the cutter's screw. Tampa, herself, drifted perilously close to shore before the cutter Sebago towed her out of danger. When conducted in smooth seas, operations to save lives are difficult enough. The gale raging off the New Jersey shore on the morning of 8 September made matters markedly worse. Nevertheless, the Coast Guardsmen performed feats of great heroism in rescuing the liner's passengers and crew from the storm-tossed waves, During the rescue, Tampa had accounted for 140 survivors.
Shifted to Mobile, Ala., in the late 1930's, Tampa operated in the Gulf of Mexico into 1941. The cutter came under naval jurisdiction in November 1941, a month before Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. Apparently shifted back to the North Atlantic for coastwise convoy escort runs in the Greenland area, Tampa departed Narsarssuak, Greenland, on 3 May 1942 to escort the merchantman Chatham to the Cape Cod Canal.
The ships stopped briefly at St. John's, Newfoundland, and then pushed on toward the Massachusetts coast. Tampa lost track of Chatham in dense fog on the 16th but regained contact near the eastern entrance of the canal and safely conducted the merchantman on her way. Tampa then searched, unsuccessfully, for a German U-boat reported in the vicinity before she put into Boston on the 17th.
She remained there for repairs and alterations until the 30th when she sailed for Argentia, Newfoundland. While escorting SS Montrose, Tampa picked up a sound contact and dropped depth charges but could not claim a "kill." On 3 June, Montrose ran aground on Moratties Reef. Tampa, assisted by two naval vessels, soon floated the merchantman free ; and the cutter continued her escort mission, routed onward to Greenland. Arriving at Sondrestromfiord on the 10th, Tampa conducted harbor entrance patrols before proceeding to Ivigtut. There, she guarded the cryolite mine--which provided ore vitally needed for the production of aluminum--from the 16th to the 26th.
During the last half of 1942, Tampa - designated WPG-48 in or around February 1942 - conducted 12 more convoy escort missions between Iceland, Greenland, and Nova Scotia. She departed Argentia on 1 January 1943, in company with Tahoma (WPG-80), bound for St. John's where she arrived soon thereafter. Moored until the 6th, Tampa then got underway to escort a convoy routed to Greenland and then screened two groups of merchantmen - GS-18 and ON-161 - to Newfoundland.
On 29 January, she got underway, with Escanaba (WPG-77) and Comanche (WPG-75), to escort Army transport Dorchester and merchantman SS Biscaya and SS Lutz to Greeland. Bad weather soon hampered the convoy's progress ; and the flank escorts, Comanche and Escanaba, soon experienced difficulties keeping station. Icing had increased their displacement and reduced their speed accordingly. This fact, in turn, slowed the whole convoy. By 2 February, the weather had somewhat improved ; but a radio direction finder had discovered the presence of an enemy submarine. Tampa accordingly screened ahead, some 3,000 yards from Dorchester, while Escanaba and Comanche were deployed on each flank, 5,400 yards from Lutz and Biscaya, respectively.
Convoy SG-19, as it was known, soon came into the periscope sights of U-223, which maneuvered astern to bring her tubes to bear. The U-boat fired her deadly "fish" which struck Dorchester astern at 0355. Tampa observed the transport veering hard to port and showing numerous small lights. Biscaya quickly fired two green signal rockets and executed an emergency turn to avoid fouling the mortally stricken Dorchester.
Three minutes after Dorchester had been struck, her master ordered her abandoned. As the ship went down, four Army chaplains gave up their life jackets to soldiers who had none to ensure the survival of others at the expense of themselves. Meanwhile, Escanaba and Comanche searched for U-223, while Tampa escorted Lutz and Biscaya to Skovfjord before returning to assist in the hunt for survivors. Tampa subsequently searched for survivors on the 4th, but sighted only numerous bodies; two swamped lifeboats manned only by corpses; and seven life rafts. She found no signs of life before she returned to Narsarssuak on 6 February.
Tampa resumed convoy operations, performing local escort in the Greenland area for the remainder of February 1943. She continued these operations through the spring. On 12 June 1943, she departed Narsarssuak with four other escorts, escorting a three-ship convoy for Argentia. The next day, at 0508, she observed smoke on the horizon, and received a report that Escanaba was afire. In fact, Escanaba had been blown to bits by an explosion of undetermined origin. Only three survivors were picked up by Raritan (WYT-93), and one of these died. The other two could not explain what had destroyed their ship.
Tampa escorted convoys for the remainder of 1943 before returning to Boston on the last day of the year for an overhaul which extended through January 1944. She resumed convoy escort operations in the North Atlantic, between Boston and Greenland - primarily in the Argentia and Narsarssuak vicinities - and continued the task through 1944 and into 1945.
With the cessation of hostilities in Europe in May 1945, Tampa resumed ice patrols off the Grand Banks in June through August, alternating with Modoc (WPG-46) and Mojave (WPG-47). Departing Argentia on 6 September 1945, less than a month after the war against Japan ended, Tampa operated between that port and Boston, receiving a 30-day availability at the Coast Guard yard in Boston in November and December. Tampa subsequently cruised on North Atlantic ice patrol duties into August 1946.
She was decommissioned late that year and turned over to the Maritime Commission's War Shipping Administration which sold her to Charles M. Barnett, Jr., on 22 September 1947. (2)
Notes:
1) As quoted in Scheina, U.S. Coast Guard Cutters & Craft of World War II (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1981), p. 33.
2) Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. VII, p. 31.
Photographs:
USS Tampa, CG, at Kungyat Bay, Greenland, 1943. Photo No. 80G225156.
Provided courtesy of James Flynn.
Sources:
Ship’s History File, CG Historian’s Office Archive.
DANFS
Robert Scheina. U.S. Coast Guard Cutters & Craft of World War II. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1983.